{"id":1603999,"date":"2025-11-14T15:53:32","date_gmt":"2025-11-14T14:53:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/?p=1603999"},"modified":"2025-11-14T17:25:40","modified_gmt":"2025-11-14T16:25:40","slug":"hurricane-r4175-rf-r-flown-by-battle-of-britain-ace-josef-frantisek-40015","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/en\/blog\/2025\/11\/14\/hurricane-r4175-rf-r-flown-by-battle-of-britain-ace-josef-frantisek-40015\/","title":{"rendered":"Hurricane R4175\/RF-R \u2013 Flown by Battle of Britain Ace Josef Franti\u0161ek"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/40015-profile-2-4.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1604005 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/40015-profile-2-4-1024x439.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"439\" srcset=\"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/40015-profile-2-4-1024x439.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/40015-profile-2-4-300x129.jpg 300w, https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/40015-profile-2-4-768x329.jpg 768w, https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/40015-profile-2-4-1080x463.jpg 1080w, https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/40015-profile-2-4.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The Hurricane Mk I R4175 is one of the most recognisable aircraft that served with No. 303 (Polish) Fighter Squadron. For scale modellers it is not just another Hurricane, but a machine with a remarkable story \u2014 one of the aircraft flown by the famous Battle of Britain ace, Sergeant Josef Franti\u0161ek. On the surface it was an ordinary Gloster-built Hurricane, yet it was in this very machine that Franti\u0161ek achieved some of his most spectacular victories. Read below for a detailed overview of the aircraft itself: its provenance, camouflage, operational use,<br \/>\nand the complete list of sorties and confirmed victories recorded by the RAF.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>The full story of the pilot himself can be found in the article by Dominik S\u0119dziak:<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"Mq4D2F9DQb\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/en\/blog\/2018\/10\/27\/hurricane-sergeant-frantisek-the-best-of-the-few-70019\/\">Sier\u017cant Franti\u0161ek \u2013 najlepszy z Niewielu<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Sier\u017cant Franti\u0161ek \u2013 najlepszy z Niewielu&#8221; &#8212; Arma Hobby - blog firmowy\" src=\"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/en\/blog\/2018\/10\/27\/hurricane-sergeant-frantisek-the-best-of-the-few-70019\/embed\/#?secret=YwbYAPGdHy#?secret=Mq4D2F9DQb\" data-secret=\"Mq4D2F9DQb\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2>Hawker Hurricane Mk I R4175<\/h2>\n<p>No. 303 (Polish) Fighter Squadron, August\u2013October 1940<\/p>\n<h3>Origin and Allocation<\/h3>\n<p>Hurricane Mk I R4175 was manufactured by the Gloster Aircraft Company as part of contract batch 19773\/39\/C.23a,<br \/>\ncovering serials R4171\u2013R4200.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>26 July 1940 \u2013 delivered to No. 27 Maintenance Unit<\/li>\n<li>8 August 1940 \u2013 assigned to No. 303 Squadron at Northolt<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The aircraft was equipped with a Rotol propeller fitted with a Spitfire-type spinner \u2014<br \/>\na configuration typical of Gloster-built Hurricanes of this period.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Frantisek-4.jpg\"><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1577300 alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Frantisek-4.jpg\" alt=\"Hurricane RF-R\" width=\"1000\" height=\"591\" srcset=\"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Frantisek-4.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Frantisek-4-300x177.jpg 300w, https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Frantisek-4-768x454.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><br \/>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<p><em><br \/>\nHurricane Mk I R4175\/RF-F, photographed on 5 September 1940. The clearly different hues of the national markings indicate the use of pre-war paints, consistent with Gloster factory practice. Photo: Wojtek Matusiak Collection.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h3>Camouflage and Markings<\/h3>\n<p>RAF Temperate Land Scheme camouflage: Dark Earth + Dark Green disruptive pattern, underside in Sky Type S.<\/p>\n<p>RAF fuselage and upper-wing roundels were applied in <strong>pre-war Gloster colours<\/strong>:<br \/>\na more vivid blue and a lighter red.<\/p>\n<p>The fin flash was the pre-war symmetrical type \u2014 three stripes of equal width, also in Gloster&#8217;s earlier palette.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Undersides of wings:<\/strong><br \/>\nAt the time of delivery the aircraft carried <strong>no RAF roundels under the wings<\/strong> (i.e., pre\u201311 August 1940).<br \/>\nUnderwing roundels were added at unit level <strong>after 18 August<\/strong>, using standard RAF colours.<br \/>\nPhotographs of the aircraft clearly show the contrast between these repainted underwing roundels<br \/>\nand the factory-applied markings elsewhere.<\/p>\n<p>The aircraft did <strong>not<\/strong> carry the Polish red-and-white checkerboard,<br \/>\njust like other No. 303 Squadron Hurricanes at this stage.<br \/>\nThe squadron emblem derived from the Ko\u015bciuszko Squadron was added only during operations in September 1940.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Frantisek-5.jpg\"><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1577302 alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Frantisek-5.jpg\" alt=\"Frantisek RF-R 5 September\" width=\"1000\" height=\"591\" srcset=\"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Frantisek-5.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Frantisek-5-300x177.jpg 300w, https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Frantisek-5-768x454.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><br \/>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<p><em><br \/>\nAnother photograph of Franti\u0161ek\u2019s Hurricane taken on 5 September 1940. Note the light-coloured roundel on the wing and the absence of the squadron emblem. Photo: Wojtek Matusiak Collection.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h2>Sergeant Josef Franti\u0161ek \u2013 Operational Sorties on Hurricane R4175<\/h2>\n<p>Sergeant Josef Franti\u0161ek flew operational sorties on several Hurricanes,<br \/>\nbut achieved most of his victories on R4175\/RF-R.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Date<\/th>\n<th>Time<\/th>\n<th>Area<\/th>\n<th>Mission Type<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>31.08.1940<\/td>\n<td>17.50\u201318.55<\/td>\n<td>Biggin Hill<\/td>\n<td>Scramble<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>01.09.1940<\/td>\n<td>14.10\u201315.20<\/td>\n<td>Northolt area<\/td>\n<td>Patrol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>03.09.1940<\/td>\n<td>14.45\u201316.10<\/td>\n<td>Maidstone\u2013Dover<\/td>\n<td>Patrol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>04.09.1940<\/td>\n<td>09.20\u201310.15<\/td>\n<td>Patrol<\/td>\n<td>Patrol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>05.09.1940<\/td>\n<td>14.40\u201315.40<\/td>\n<td>Gillingham\u2013Thames Estuary<\/td>\n<td>Patrol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>06.09.1940<\/td>\n<td>08.40\u201309.30<\/td>\n<td>West Kent<\/td>\n<td>Patrol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>18.09.1940<\/td>\n<td>09.50\u201310.35<\/td>\n<td>Biggin Hill<\/td>\n<td>Patrol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>26.09.1940<\/td>\n<td>14.25\u201315.00<\/td>\n<td>Northolt<\/td>\n<td>Patrol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>26.09.1940<\/td>\n<td>16.05\u201317.05<\/td>\n<td>Portsmouth<\/td>\n<td>Patrol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>26.09.1940<\/td>\n<td>18.00\u201318.20<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td>Patrol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>27.09.1940<\/td>\n<td>11.15\u201311.30<\/td>\n<td>Horsham<\/td>\n<td>Patrol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>28.09.1940<\/td>\n<td>13.15\u201314.40<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td>Patrol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>02.10.1940<\/td>\n<td>09.00\u201310.05<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td>Patrol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>07.10.1940<\/td>\n<td>13.20\u201314.30<\/td>\n<td>Kenley\u2013Brooklands<\/td>\n<td>Patrol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>07.10.1940<\/td>\n<td>15.35\u201316.35<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td>Patrol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>08.10.1940<\/td>\n<td>09.05\u201309.40<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td>Patrol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Frantisek-3.jpg\"><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1577308 alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Frantisek-3.jpg\" alt=\"Zbli\u017cenie RF-R\" width=\"1000\" height=\"559\" srcset=\"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Frantisek-3.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Frantisek-3-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Frantisek-3-768x429.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><br \/>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<p><em><br \/>\nClose-up of Hurricane R4175\/RF-R.\u00a0 The contrast between the fin-flash colours and the underwing roundel is clearly visible, as are signs of operational wear. Photo: Wojtek Matusiak Collection.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h2>Josef Franti\u0161ek\u2019s Victories Achieved on Hurricane R4175<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Date<\/th>\n<th>Time<\/th>\n<th>Target<\/th>\n<th>Area<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>05.09.1940<\/td>\n<td>15.05<\/td>\n<td>1 Ju 88<\/td>\n<td>Thames Estuary<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>05.09.1940<\/td>\n<td>15.05<\/td>\n<td>1 Bf 109<\/td>\n<td>Thames Estuary<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>06.09.1940<\/td>\n<td>09.00<\/td>\n<td>1 Bf 109<\/td>\n<td>Sevenoaks<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>26.09.1940<\/td>\n<td>16.30<\/td>\n<td>2 He 111<\/td>\n<td>English Channel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>27.09.1940<\/td>\n<td>09.20<\/td>\n<td>1 He 111<\/td>\n<td>Horsham<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>27.09.1940<\/td>\n<td>09.20<\/td>\n<td>1 Bf 110<\/td>\n<td>Gatwick<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Frantisek-2.jpg\"><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1577304 alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Frantisek-2.jpg\" alt=\"Hurricane RF-R i RF-M\" width=\"1000\" height=\"347\" srcset=\"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Frantisek-2.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Frantisek-2-300x104.jpg 300w, https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Frantisek-2-768x266.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><br \/>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<p><em><br \/>\nTwo important Hurricanes flown by Franti\u0161ek. In the background V7235\/RF-M, which he belly-landed on 8 August 1940,<br \/>\nand in the foreground R4175\/RF-R on which he achieved nine victories. Note the differences between the fin-flash colours and the underwing roundels. Photo: Wojtek Matusiak Collection.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h2>Loss of the Aircraft<\/h2>\n<p>8 October 1940 \u2013 crashed on return from patrol near Ewell, Surrey. Condition of wreck: CE \u2013 Complete Wreck.<\/p>\n<h2>References<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Jiri Rajlich, <em>Hurricane Ace Josef Franti\u0161ek<\/em>, Mushroom Model Publications 2010, ISBN 978-8389450715<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/blog\/2018\/10\/27\/hurricane-sierzant-frantisek-najlepszy-z-niewielu-70019\/\">Hurricane Sier\u017cant Franti\u0161ek \u2013 najlepszy z Niewielu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>See also:<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.armahobby.com\/40015-hurricane-mk-i-1-48.html?hash=4124d1af9a7ea1f5bece2c836dcc1e82\"><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1603366 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/40015-web-300x207.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"207\" srcset=\"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/40015-web-300x207.jpg 300w, https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/40015-web-1024x706.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/40015-web-768x529.jpg 768w, https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/40015-web-610x420.jpg 610w, https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/40015-web-1080x744.jpg 1080w, https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/40015-web.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/> <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.armahobby.com\/40015-hurricane-mk-i-1-48.html?hash=4124d1af9a7ea1f5bece2c836dcc1e82\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1603744\" src=\"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/40015-decals-300x217.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"286\" height=\"207\" srcset=\"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/40015-decals-300x217.jpg 300w, https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/40015-decals-1024x741.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/40015-decals-768x556.jpg 768w, https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/40015-decals-610x441.jpg 610w, https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/40015-decals-1080x781.jpg 1080w, https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/40015-decals.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 286px) 100vw, 286px\" \/><br \/>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 View the Hurricane Mk I model in the shop: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.armahobby.com\/40015-hurricane-mk-i-1-48.html?hash=4124d1af9a7ea1f5bece2c836dcc1e82\">link<\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"edylc0n864\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/en\/blog\/2025\/11\/06\/40015-70022-hawker-hurricane-p3090-from-battle-of-britain-fighter-to-fleet-air-arm-service\/\">Hawker Hurricane P3090 \u2013 od my\u015bliwca Bitwy o Angli\u0119 do s\u0142u\u017cby w Fleet Air Arm<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Hawker Hurricane P3090 \u2013 od my\u015bliwca Bitwy o Angli\u0119 do s\u0142u\u017cby w Fleet Air Arm&#8221; &#8212; Arma Hobby - blog firmowy\" src=\"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/en\/blog\/2025\/11\/06\/40015-70022-hawker-hurricane-p3090-from-battle-of-britain-fighter-to-fleet-air-arm-service\/embed\/#?secret=oN3n3MINTN#?secret=edylc0n864\" data-secret=\"edylc0n864\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"9Goedy9IBW\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/en\/blog\/2025\/10\/18\/40015-three-hurricanes-from-the-premiere-1-48-box-and-there-are-four-paint-schemes\/\">Trzy Hurricane\u2019y z premierowego pude\u0142ka 1\/48\u2026 a malowania s\u0105 cztery!<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Trzy Hurricane\u2019y z premierowego pude\u0142ka 1\/48\u2026 a malowania s\u0105 cztery!&#8221; &#8212; Arma Hobby - blog firmowy\" src=\"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/en\/blog\/2025\/10\/18\/40015-three-hurricanes-from-the-premiere-1-48-box-and-there-are-four-paint-schemes\/embed\/#?secret=HmTfOTh74y#?secret=9Goedy9IBW\" data-secret=\"9Goedy9IBW\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Hurricane Mk I R4175 is one of the most recognisable aircraft that served with No. 303 (Polish) Fighter Squadron. For scale modellers it is not just another Hurricane, but a machine with a remarkable story \u2014 one of the aircraft flown by the famous Battle of Britain ace, Sergeant Josef Franti\u0161ek. On the surface [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1604005,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7,1,20],"tags":[528,289,161,271],"class_list":["post-1603999","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arma-hobby-kits","category-blog","category-history","tag-nr40015-en","tag-1-48-en","tag-hurricane-en","tag-squadron-303","et-has-post-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1603999","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1603999"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1603999\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1604014,"href":"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1603999\/revisions\/1604014"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1604005"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1603999"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1603999"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1603999"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}