{"id":1574954,"date":"2018-06-25T10:35:33","date_gmt":"2018-06-25T08:35:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/?p=1574954"},"modified":"2024-07-11T08:34:15","modified_gmt":"2024-07-11T06:34:15","slug":"himek-from-eagle-owl-squadron-and-his-p-11c-70015","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/en\/blog\/2018\/06\/25\/himek-from-eagle-owl-squadron-and-his-p-11c-70015\/","title":{"rendered":"Himek from \u201cEagle Owl\u201d Squadron and his P.11c"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p><em>&#8211; The war started early, about 7 a.m. We have been scrambled, propellers have raised dust from the field, we weren&#8217;t able to see anything for a while. We circled in the clouds for a long time, guided by radio orders, so was the beginning&#8230; <\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>&#8230; told 2<sup>nd<\/sup> Lt. Hieronim Dudwa\u0142 in the interview given in Spring 1940 in Paris to famous poet and journalist Kazimierz Wierzy\u0144ski. Wierzy\u0144ski was then collecting accounts of September 1939 Polish soldiers for \u201cWiadomo\u015bci Polskie\u201d (\u201cPolish News\u201d), weekly magazine published in London by Polish war emigrants. He met Dudwa\u0142, called \u201cHimek\u201d by friends, almost in the last moment. This excellent pilot, one of the most effective fighters of the Brygada Po\u015bcigowa (Pursuit Brigade) has died in the air, defending France, soon after that interview.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/ah-70015-profile-01.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1574941\" src=\"http:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/ah-70015-profile-01.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/ah-70015-profile-01.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/ah-70015-profile-01-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/ah-70015-profile-01-768x384.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>\u201cEagle Owls\u201d of Warsaw<\/h3>\n<p>Hieronim Dudwa\u0142, born in Cz\u0119stochowa, was a boy-scout and modeller before he joined the army aviation. After completion of training in the Air Force Cadet Officers&#8217; School in D\u0119blin (with 6<sup>th<\/sup> place in group of 47 graduates!) he has been assigned to the elite, Warsaw 113. Eskadra My\u015bliwska (Fighter Squadron) \u201cEagle Owls\u201d, based in Warsaw-Ok\u0119cie airbase. Before the war, with his unit and other Squadrons of the Warsaw 1<sup>st<\/sup> Air Regiment, he participated in numerous excersises and parades which he proudly described in spectacular, carefully illustrated letters to his mother.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/himek-list.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1574940 alignnone\" src=\"http:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/himek-list.jpg\" alt=\"list Hieronima Dudwa\u0142a do matki\" width=\"494\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/himek-list.jpg 494w, https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/himek-list-247x300.jpg 247w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 494px) 100vw, 494px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>Page of Hieronim Dudwa\u0142&#8217;s letter to mother. Public domain via \u201eAeroplan\u201d &#8211; more: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.altair.com.pl\/magazines\/article?article_id=1596\">publisher webpage<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>In 1938 Himek had a half-year long (May-December) intermission in his glamorous life in the Capital City. With six colleagues he has been dispatched to the Polish Wild East aifield in Sarny very close to the border. Their duty was to prevent Soviet reconaissance airplanes from spying the newly-built Polish fortifications.<\/p>\n<p>Himek flew the PZL P.11c serialed \u201c8.70\u201d marked with \u201cEagle Owl\u201d and white \u201c10\u201d, for some time armed with four machine guns (there is known photo with wing guns and long empty cartridge chute ejectors clearly visible). Later, but already before the war, the wing machine guns have been removed, which improved airplane&#8217;s maneuverability.<\/p>\n<p>In the Summer 1939 the Pursuit Brigade pilots performed intensive training in night inteception and cooperation with the searchlight units. The last night excersise took place on the night 23\/24 August and it was the last Pursuit Brigade training at all. The airplanes participating in the night flights have been equipped with special lights, visible on the fairing behind pilot&#8217;s head on the Dudwa\u0142&#8217;s airplane photos.<\/p>\n<p>Dudwa\u0142&#8217;s \u201cwhite 10\u201d take-off, filmed most probably during the training before 3<sup>rd<\/sup> May 1939 parade, can be watched on the preserved period newsreel.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"start p 11 c\" width=\"1080\" height=\"810\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ylVte62NKcA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h3>Alarm in the Pursuit Brigade<\/h3>\n<p>On 1<sup>st<\/sup> September 1939 four Warsaw fighter squadrons, together with the Cracow&#8217;s 123. Squadron, were parts of the Pursuit Brigade, which main duty was the defence of the state Capital. 113. \u201cEagle Owl\u201d and 114. \u201cSwallow\u201d squadrons left their base already on 29<sup>th<\/sup> August and flew to the camouflaged, wartime landing ground in Poniat\u00f3w, North-East of Warsaw. There, in combat readiness, have been waiting for the outbreak of the hostilities. The first warning \u2013 a phone call from Suwa\u0142ki Police \u2013 reached the Brigade Command at 5 a.m. The Command have alarmed the Fighter Wings in Poniat\u00f3w (IV\/1 Wing) and in Zielonka (III\/1 Wing \u2013 with 111. \u201cKo\u015bciuszko Squadron\u201d and 112. \u201cSalamander\u201d squadron). The fighters took-off shortly before 7 a.m. The first section of three PZL P.11c has been led by Hieronim Dudwa\u0142. Together with him flew Cadet Jerzy Radomski and Senior Airman Mieczys\u0142aw Ka\u017amierczak. According to the quoted on the beginning Himek&#8217;s account, the sky was cloudy which made the observation and navigation difficult. The pilots were guided from the ground by radio.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>&#8211; <em>During circling I&#8217;ve noticed the Dornier 17 coming out of the cloud. German bomber, the first enemy met eye-to-eye. It looked black, laid like a cross in the turn. [\u2026] I had a flash thought: how it is possible? Here? In this air? Over this land?! The thought was gone. What else? Mechanical responses, pure instinct and pure taste of combat. The Dornier was close, well fit in the gun sight. I&#8217;ve estimated deflection and sent a burst from the guns. The black cross banked steeply on one wing and glided down. I&#8217;ve never seen it again. It dissapeared in the clouds \u2013 <\/em>Dudwa\u0142 continued the story of his first air-combat in the interview with Wierzy\u0144ski. The pilot considered this dogfight as unconcluded, and soon met next Germans, which he identified as another Dorniers. But these were three Messerschmitt 110 fighters from 1.(Z)\/LG1 squadron. After short skirmish and using all the remaining ammo, thanks to his excellent training and agility of his airplane, Himek managed to break away of the enemy and return to the airfield. &#8211; <em>I had four holes in the wing and pierced propeller<\/em> \u2013 he noted.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/ah-70015-boxart-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1574887 alignnone\" src=\"http:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/ah-70015-boxart-1.jpg\" alt=\"modele P.11c - zapowied\u017c Arma Hobby\" width=\"1000\" height=\"625\" srcset=\"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/ah-70015-boxart-1.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/ah-70015-boxart-1-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/ah-70015-boxart-1-768x480.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>Hieronim Dudwa\u0142 manouvers shot position at Heinkel 111, 1 September 1939 afternoon. Artwork by Marcin G\u00f3recki.<\/em><\/p>\n<h3>The last flight of the \u201cwhite 10\u201d<\/h3>\n<p>The damage turned out to be not dangerous and the \u201cwhite 10\u201d, after refueling and rearming, was fit to the next operation. The order to take-off came about 5 p.m. \u2013 against huge group of over 200 enemy airplanes attacking Warsaw. German formation of Luftflotte 1. bombers has been escorted by numerous Messerschmitts 109 and 110. Hieronim Dudwa\u0142 took off again as a first, and quickly climbed. In his battle account he has described attack against Heinkel He 111, which he claimed as a shot down (German sources do not confirm such loss). Immediately after that Polish pilot started a dogfight against two Messerschmitts Bf 110 from 2.(Z)\/LG1 squadron. Initially Himek has identified these planes as Dornier bombers, which could have caused choosing the wrong tactic. The result was a hit by the cannon shell, which demolished the fairing behind pilot\u2019s head, and several other, lesser damages. Dudwa\u0142 managed to break off the enemy quickly enough and returned to the base. Alas, despite the ground crew\u2019s hard work and resourcefulness, Himek\u2019s faithful \u201cwhite 10\u201d was never returned to the service. Repaired with sheets of unpainted metal, but not operational, during dislocation of the Squadron to the new airfield, the plane has been left in Poniat\u00f3w and captured (and many times photographed) by the Germans.<\/p>\n<h3>Next days and next fights\u2026 till the end<\/h3>\n<p>In the following days of the war Hieronim Dudwa\u0142 flew other airplanes. 4<sup>th<\/sup> September he has shot down one German plane, Messerschmitt 110 or Junkers Ju 87 Stuka (various sources give different information). While the exact type can\u2019t be ultimately determined, the fact of the Dudwa\u0142\u2019s victory is widely accepted by the historians, including most critical in such cases German researcher Marius Emmerling.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Advertisement<\/h3>\n<p>See <a href=\"https:\/\/www.armahobby.com\/category\/samoloty-pzl?hash=4124d1af9a7ea1f5bece2c836dcc1e82\">P.11c model kits<\/a> in Arma Hobby Internet shop<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>The final day of the organized fights of the Polish fighter aviation, tragic 17<sup>th<\/sup> September, was the day of the Soviet invasion of Poland. For Himek it was also the day of many adventures and a victory. The pilot has been sent with the orders from the Supreme Commander to general Kazimierz Sosnkowski, commander of the Front Po\u0142udniowy (Southern Front or Army Group South), encircled by the Wehrmacht forces near Lw\u00f3w. During long flight full of adventures Dudwa\u0142 has found Sosnkowski&#8217;s staff near Jan\u00f3w (presently Ivanofrankove, Ukraine) and landed in the field to leave the message. During short talk with the officers on the ground, Himek heard incoming airplane. He immediately run to his PZL and took off, without fastening the seat belts. Surprised German reconaissance Henschel Hs 126 had no chance and after few bursts from Polish guns it crashed near Jan\u00f3w, which is documented with photos of the wreck. It was Dudwa\u0142&#8217;s second fully confirmed aerial victory. Most probably at that time he flew the PZL P.11c serialed \u201c8.51\u201d, as later that day he used this airplane in evacuation to Romania. For distinguished duty during September 1939 2<sup>nd<\/sup> Lt. Hieronim Dudwa\u0142 was decorated with the Silver Cross Virtuti Militari V. Class.<\/p>\n<div class='et-box et-info'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='et-box-content'>Himek was killed in action on 7<sup>th<\/sup> June 1940 near Amiens, piloting French Bloch MB 152, flying in Polish section delegated to French GCII\/10. Group of the 11 Blochs, led by French officer, after crossing the frontline flew into heavy anti-aircraft fire which broke their formation. Preparing to attack against spotted Me 110, Poles have been surprised by the big group of single-engined Bf 109. Germans shot down three Poles and one French pilot. Himek fought against three Messerschmitts, has been shot down most probably by Lt. Leonhard G\u00f6ttmann from 7.\/JG 3. Dudwa\u0142&#8217;s grave is on the d&#8217;Aub\u00e9rive war cemetery near Marne river.<\/div><\/div>\n<h3>Himek&#8217;s airplane<\/h3>\n<p>Hieronim Dudwa\u0142&#8217;s PZL P.11c \u201c8.70\u201d is one of the best known \u201celevens\u201d, was many times photographed before and during the war, and even filmed. Reconstruction of it&#8217;s painting scheme is not a problem, but it doesn&#8217;t mean it is not fascinating!<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/himek-01.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1574943\" src=\"http:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/himek-01.jpg\" alt=\"p.11c dudwa\u0142\" width=\"1000\" height=\"700\" srcset=\"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/himek-01.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/himek-01-300x210.jpg 300w, https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/himek-01-768x538.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>P.11c piloted by Hieronim Dudwa\u0142, photo from Dr Tomasz Kopa\u0144ski collection<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Camouflaged in typical khaki\/greyish-blue scheme, the plane in 1939 had the top and side surfaces painted most probably with the darker, late variant of the \u201cPolish khaki\u201d, because before the war it has probably been overhauled, which is indicated by the black colour of the serial number and \u201cP.11c\u201d letters on the tail (the factory painted these originally in red). Initially the plane had underwing numbers in white, \u201c70 N\u201d or \u201c170 N\u201d, according to various sources (the three-digit variant is rather doubtful for that period). Later (1939) these numbers have been repainted in black, using the new, three-digit scheme \u201c170 N\u201d (confirmed with photos). Markings typical for the squadron are: white \u201c10\u201d tactical number and the \u201cEagle Owl\u201d in black and yellow on the light blue triangle.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sowa-himek.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-1574942\" src=\"http:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sowa-himek.jpg\" alt=\"sowa eskadry\" width=\"143\" height=\"153\" \/><\/a>The \u201cEagle Owl\u201d marking of the 113. Fighter Squadron in serious credible publications (eg. <em>Polish Fighter Colours 1939-1947.<\/em> Stratus Edition) is presented with two clawed hands in yellow, one of them painted over the black abdomen. This is the way we have chosen for the PZL P.11c kit decals, basing on the book profiles and, partially, book and Internet photos of\u00a0 lesser quality. On these photos something visible on the abdomen may be interpreted as three claws. However, already after finishing of the decal printing process, we have got the high quality photos proving that the owl&#8217;s abdomen is uniformly black, and the shapes interpreted as claws are simply heads of the rivets! As a result, the modeller, wanting to have a proper \u201cEagle Owl\u201d marking will have to carefully overpaint the claws on the bird&#8217;s belly with the black paint.<\/p>\n<p>Additional markings painted on the airplane are the blue stripes on the right side of the tail and on the right wing. These could be the markings of the Squadron special duty officer (flight leader?) or markings used to aid proper formation forming during the parade. On some airplanes with similar markings the third feature is present \u2013 one wheel boss is painted with the same colour as the stripes, on the same side. In case of Dudwa\u0142&#8217;s airplane we have no confirmation of the painted wheel, the only known photo shows the right wheel in deep shadow which does not allow to determine its colour.<\/p>\n<p>The national markings \u2013 the checkerboards on the wing top surface were in 1939 partially scraped.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.armahobby.com\/category\/samoloty-pzl?hash=4124d1af9a7ea1f5bece2c836dcc1e82\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-1574886\" src=\"http:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/ah-70015-boxart-300x203.jpg\" alt=\"P-11c model 1\/72\" width=\"222\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/ah-70015-boxart-300x203.jpg 300w, https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/ah-70015-boxart-768x520.jpg 768w, https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/ah-70015-boxart.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 222px) 100vw, 222px\" \/>Hieronim Dudwa\u0142 markings you can find in PZL P.11c Expert Set model kit<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Plastic parts<\/li>\n<li>Photoetched parts<\/li>\n<li>windscreen and wheels masks<\/li>\n<li>Cartograf decals with four markings variants<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Recommended readings:<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0141ukasz \u0141yd\u017cba. <i>IV\/1 Dywizjon My\u015bliwski<\/i>. Wyd. Vesper, Czerwonak 2013<\/li>\n<li><i>Polish Fighter Colours 1939-1947. <\/i>Praca zbiorowa. Wyd. Stratus, Sandomierz 2016<\/li>\n<li>Jerzy B. Cynk. <i>Polskie lotnictwo my\u015bliwskie w boju wrze\u015bniowym<\/i>. AJ-Press, Gda\u0144sk 2000<\/li>\n<li>Marius Emmerling. <i>Polskie zwyci\u0119stwa powietrzne w 1939 r. [\u2026] Cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 1. Dywizjony Brygady Po\u015bcigowej III\/1 i IV\/1 oraz eskadry szkolne. <\/i>\u201eTechnika Wojskowa Historia. Numer Specjalny 4\/2016 Warszawa 2016<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Photos of the Hieronim Dudwa\u0142&#8217;s PZL P.11c after capture by German troops<\/h2>\n<p>Selection of photos from Dr Tomasz Kopa\u0144ski colection. Dudwa\u0142&#8217;s aeroplane with visible fuselage back repairs with metal sheet &#8211; was abandoned on airfield. It draw a great attention from German troops and was extensively photographed:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/himek-08.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1574944\" src=\"http:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/himek-08.jpg\" alt=\"PZL P.11c\" width=\"1000\" height=\"703\" srcset=\"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/himek-08.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/himek-08-300x211.jpg 300w, https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/himek-08-768x540.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/himek-02.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1574945\" src=\"http:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/himek-02.jpg\" alt=\"niemcy i P.11c\" width=\"997\" height=\"632\" srcset=\"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/himek-02.jpg 997w, https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/himek-02-300x190.jpg 300w, https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/himek-02-768x487.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 997px) 100vw, 997px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/himek-03.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1574946\" src=\"http:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/himek-03.jpg\" alt=\"ogon p.11c dudwa\u0142a\" width=\"1000\" height=\"704\" srcset=\"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/himek-03.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/himek-03-300x211.jpg 300w, https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/himek-03-768x541.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/himek-04.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1574947\" src=\"http:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/himek-04.jpg\" alt=\"ogon P.11c 113 eskadra\" width=\"1000\" height=\"689\" srcset=\"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/himek-04.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/himek-04-300x207.jpg 300w, https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/himek-04-768x529.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/himek-05.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1574948\" src=\"http:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/himek-05.jpg\" alt=\"auti i p.11c\" width=\"1000\" height=\"706\" srcset=\"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/himek-05.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/himek-05-300x212.jpg 300w, https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/himek-05-768x542.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/himek-06.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1574949\" src=\"http:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/himek-06.jpg\" alt=\"prawa strona ogona p.11c\" width=\"728\" height=\"1000\" srcset=\"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/himek-06.jpg 728w, https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/himek-06-218x300.jpg 218w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 728px) 100vw, 728px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/himek-07.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1574950\" src=\"http:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/himek-07.jpg\" alt=\"lewa strona steru p.11c\" width=\"728\" height=\"1000\" srcset=\"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/himek-07.jpg 728w, https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/himek-07-218x300.jpg 218w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 728px) 100vw, 728px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8211; The war started early, about 7 a.m. We have been scrambled, propellers have raised dust from the field, we weren&#8217;t able to see anything for a while. We circled in the clouds for a long time, guided by radio orders, so was the beginning&#8230; &#8230; told 2nd Lt. Hieronim Dudwa\u0142 in the interview given [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":1574941,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[184,98,452,139,273,147],"class_list":["post-1574954","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history","tag-nr70015-en","tag-scale172-en-2","tag-452","tag-expert-set-en","tag-pzl-en","tag-pzl-p-11c-en","et-has-post-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1574954","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1574954"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1574954\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1595923,"href":"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1574954\/revisions\/1595923"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1574941"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1574954"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1574954"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1574954"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}